O problema, argumenta Dulce Rocha, vice-presidente da Associação Portuguesa das Mulheres Juristas (APMJ) , é que "são raras as condenações", acrescentando: "Quer no crime de violência doméstica, quer no de maus-tratos a crianças, há uma impunidade manifesta deste tipo de comportamentos. É mais fácil uma pessoa ser presa devido a um crime de furto do que de maus-tratos. A prática judicial não tem acompanhado a evolução da situação em Portugal. Bater na mulher é um comportamento que é tolerado na sociedade e isso não favorece a defesa dos direitos humanos."
The chief of police told Human Rights Watch that “a woman in Hebron could get her eye gouged out but be too afraid of society to report the abuse.”
(...) discriminatory legislation in force in the West Bank and Gaza, described in the subsections below, does not act as a deterrent to violence, nor does it provide victims with adequate redress for the abuse they have suffered. In fact, the penal laws in particular and the way in which they have been interpreted and applied in practice have led to virtual impunity for perpetrators of violence against Palestinian women and girls.
A falta de provas é a principal justificação para que estes processos não cheguem à fase final de julgamento. E o novo Código Penal ainda vai tornar a prova mais difícil, segundo Dulce Rocha: "Com a redacção actual já é difícil ver o agressor no banco dos réus, mas no futuro será pior. A proposta de alteração refere que os maus tratos têm de ser reiterados e praticados de forma intensa", explica.
Palestinian women in violent or life-threatening marriages have two legal options available to them: pressing charges for spousal abuse or initiating a divorce on the basis of physical harm. Both require evidence of extreme violence and impose a high evidentiary burden on the victim.
Because there is no specific domestic violence legislation in the OPT [Occupied Palestinian Territories], adult victims of violence must rely on general penal provisions on assault when they seek to press charges. These laws provide little remedy to victims unless they have suffered the most extreme forms of injury. Article 33 of the Jordanian penal code (applied in the West Bank) outlines the penalties for violence based on the number of days the victim is hospitalized. As is the situation with all assault cases, if the victim requires less than 10 days of hospitalization, a judge has the authority to dismiss the case at his own discretion as a “minor offense.” In such cases, public prosecutors also try to reconcile the parties rather than pressing charges. The law permits a judge to impose a slightly higher sentence when the victim is hospitalized between 10 and 20 days. According to the law, mandatory prosecution is required only in cases where the victim is hospitalized for more than 20 days. Since victims of domestic violence may go to the hospital several times to treat their injuries with no intention of pressing formal charges, they may have no medical records to support claims of long-term abuse should they later decide to press charges or seek a divorce.
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